Two 22 years old spruce trees (PICEA ABIES) from Picesoon region of Gilan province are investigated. These samples were transferred to the Alborz research center. The physical, anatomical and chemical properties of samples were determined. Dry and critical specific gravity, fiber length, amount of cellulose and lignin were measured at 0.334, 0.306, 3.07 mm, % 59.74 and % 28.94 respectively. Average yield and kappa number of kraft pulp at %16, %18 and % 20 effective alkalis were determined at 48/67%, 44.67%, 45.63% and 46.85, 33.98 and 26.89 respectively. The result of this research indicates that production of suitable pulp from PICEA ABIES wood is possible.

Norway spruce has been planted on a wide range of world it is generally pyramidal in shape and can grow to 40 m in height and to 1 - 1.5m in diameter.Norway spruce has a poor reputation for wind firmness. it is a shallow rooting species on sites with a high fluctuating ground water table or on soils where the effective rooting depth is limted.This study was carried out during 2001 - 2002 in four sites of Guilan Forests .These sites were Aroston, Rec, Picehson and Shenrud. The primary distance between the trees was 2x2 m.The stands age in Shenrud and the other sites was 17 and 27 years, respectively.The investigated growth parameters were: Survival %, mean height, mean D. B. H., density per hectar, basal area per hectar, annual growth rate of diameter, annual growth rate of height, dominant height, number of diameter classes per hectar, annual growth rate of tree volume, stand volume per hectar, volume table (tarif), form factor (f), relationship between quantitative parameters (diameter to height and diameter to volume) and stand qualitative parameters (natural pruning, stem condition and branch angle). The wood mechanical characteristics (density and fibre length) and the stand pests and diseases were investigated as well. In order to study the effects of PICEA plantation on soil characteristics, soil sampling has been done inside and outside the plantations. Overall, the soil samples were tested physicaly and chemicaly and the data of the two sites were compared. The results showed that Aroston site was the best one due to its greatest survival (70%), growth rate (basal area: 37 m2 , Volume: 301.25 m3/ha, annual volume growth: 11.1 m3/ha)and wood quality (trachied length: 2.89 mm and specific gravity: 0.36 g/cm3).

This research is to study the ultra sound wave parameters including slowness and attenuation of two PICEA ABIES species as well as defects diagnosis (artificial) through tomography method. For this purpose, two roots of this species were prepared from Ojabit woods of Kelardasht zone in Mazandaran province. To perform the test, 15cm thickness discs were prepared from each root stock in three different states: with bark, without bark and defected (artificial hole). In order to do the measurement, ultra sound wave parameters were used. The measurement technique of this research was direct contact and 55 KHz wave frequency. The results showed that as the ultra sound proximate the wood pith, the wave slowness and attenuation coefficient increase and by moving from pith to the wood bark, both factors show reductions. In addition, the results of tomography showed that it is possible to diagnose the defects through measuring the attenuation factor. Although no impacts of bark existence were found in the pictures, the pictures that were taken by attenuated factors revealed defects and bark.

This paper was conducted to investigate the physical properties of compression wood, normal wood, and opposite wood of spruce (Picae ahies).In the case of stand moisture content, there was no significant difference between the normal wood and compression wood, whereas the opposite wood was significantly different from the woods. The highest and the least stand moisture content values were observed in the compression wood (~45%) and opposite wood (~118%), respectively. The green and dry densities of the compression wood were higher than those of the other woods. There was no significant difference in the water absorption content of the normal wood (109%) and opposite wood (112.5%), whereas water absorption content of the compression wood (53.2%) was lower than that of the woods. The results also indicated that the maximum longitudinal shrinkage and swelling values of the compression wood (~3%) were higher than those of the normal and opposite woods (about 0%). In contrast, maximum radial and tangential swelling and shrinkage values of the normal wood and opposite wood were higher than those of the compression wood. Compression wood had lower maximum volumetric shrinkage and swelling compared to the other woods. Based on the findings of this study, in the same relative humidity and temperature conditions, compression wood had lower equilibrium moisture content in comparison with the normal and opposite woods.

Study on adaptability and productivity of conifer species in different areas of northern forests have been performed by many natural resources researchers and practitioners for the last two decades. In this regard, PICEA ABIES (L) Karsten as a fast growing species have been planted in altitude of over 1000 meters in some of Mazandaran province. Toska Cheshmeh is one of these areas that located in altitude about 1400 meters. The first die back symptoms were detected in 2005 and the present study was initiated during 2008. For evaluation of the disease losses, the trees were measured by full callipering. The result showed severe infestation in the area as 21.93 percent. The infected tree parts were cultured on PDA medium.Pestalotiopsis funerea was isolated and to determine the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus, 2-year-old seedlings were inoculated. Management practices should be based on the removal of the dead trees, provide good growing conditions for healthy Norway spruce stands and to keep all the native broadleaf outgrowths in the area.

In 1963, Norway spruce stand (PICEA ABIES) stablished in Ladjim forest region (in the north of Iran). The afforestation was done with five years old seedling (with Yoguslavian origin) about 45 hectar area.In order to study the growth and yield of stand, final stage inventory was done as randomly systematic sampling with 20 percent intensity. Diameter and height's growth models were selected by analysis of quality and quantity data and other results of stand in 35 years old have shown as follow: 1- Volume increment is 4.5 m and also the current volume increment is 6.5 m. 2- Volume in pure area is 114 sylve and the best site it 150 sylve per hectar. 3- Height mean is 14.5 m and height increment is 42 cm. 4- The D.S.H. of stand is 17.5cm and the average of diameter increment is 5mm. 5- At present, number of lost trees is 75 percent of seedling.